Shift work may imply night work (night shifts), but also involves shifts in the morning, afternoon, evening, and/or weekend. In the EWCS night work is defined as work between 00. Table 1: Overview of member states of the EU belonging to the EU-12, EU-15, and EU-27*, and other countries in the EWCS sample of 2010 Another important fact from this survey is that the standard five-day working week (40 hours between 08 from Monday to Friday) is still the norm for most Europeans workers. In the past 20 years the length of the average working week in the EU-12 (number refers to the number of member states during the first survey year, for an overview of the EU members and other countries in the EWCS sample, see table 1) has fallen from 40.5 hours in 1991 to 36.4 hours in 2010 (37.5 hours in the EU-27 in 2010). Women often work part time to combine work and family care. In the Netherlands more than half of all workers work part time, followed by Belgium, Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom (UK) where about 30% of workers work part time. There is a considerable variation in part-time work between European countries. On average 38% of all women work part time, compared to 13% of men. An important finding in this survey is that the average length of the European working week is decreasing, which is partially related to part-time work being more popular.Īccording to the EWCS 2010 nearly 24% of all workers work part time, which is defined as working 34 hours or less. The incidence of non-standard working hours in the European Union (EU) is studied every five years by means of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS). Mostly the number of working hours and the percentage of part-time contracts is documented. Working time is well documented in labour statistics. Work at non-standard hours may have negative effects on the health and well-being of workers because of tiredness and problems of combining work and private life.ĭistribution of non-standard working times in Europe Non-standard working times constitute an important part of the economy and society. But work also takes place at non-standard hours in the evening, at night and on weekends. Most people have standard working hours between 08 on week days. Working time concerns the hours of the day and the days of the week that work takes place. 4.4 Technical and organisational solutions.4.1 The role of governments and social partners.3.5 Individual differences and individual choices. 3 Effects of non-standard working times on health and well-being.2 Distribution of non-standard working times in Europe.
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